C vs C++

Both can do exactly the same.

There are only 2 advantages of C:
-Is slightly more popular. In practice, this applies only to embedded devices like dishwashers or GPSes, because for all regular PCs (and their OSes) you can get compilers for both languages.
-Generates slightly better machine code...but usually at the expense of (much) worse program code

C++ is almost a superset of C, many C programs are correct C++ ones, just change file extensions. And C++ offers many useful mechanisms that make it's code better, more readable, easier to manage, more bug proof etc.
The biggest advantage of C++ is it's flexibility: you can write code at rather high level of abstraction, but in places where you need extra performance, you can get very low, as low as portable (code-portable, not pendrive-portable) language can go.

Therefore C++ is highly recommended.

I learned C first myself because I thought that better code is worth it. It's not. Really.

C++ does have more functionality than C, but at the expense of efficiency. It is what's considered a "higher-level" language than C. This basically means that C++ source code is more human-readable whereas C is more "computer readable", so C usually results in more efficient programs, at the expense of more complex code. C++ also implements what is known as "object-oriented" programming, which is a really nice thing in and of itself. However, having done both, C first, my first semester of C++ was all like "hey I can do all of this in C but this is nicer". So for starting out, I would suggest C++, but as was mentioned about GPSes and such, C is much more useful for more restricted systems such as those, so it does have its uses, although at this point they are mostly either very specialized or for people who are very familiar with it and still prefer to do things that way. The same can be said of other lower-level languages such as assembly, although this is a more extreme example. However, for the new user, I would suggest C++.

[Mod SL, I removed all of the spam links in this post as there is actually some good content here, I just removed your other post, the content wasn't worth saving, please stop adding inappropriate links to your posts]