It seems you can save your settings in TeamViewer Portable by doing the following:
- Open TeamViewer change your settings and export them rom advanced settings (Export for TeamViewer Portabgle) to tv.ini in the app directory
- Change importsettings in TeamViewer.ini to 1 (importsettings=1)
- Now TeamViewer loads your exported settings from tv.ini
But if you change your language it will still use the system default language even after restarting TeamViewer with the new settings, the choosen language is remebered in the settings dialog but it doesn't take any effect.